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In today's interconnected world, Wi-Fi (40% market share), Bluetooth (25%), and Zigbee (65-70% in mesh networks) dominate IoT connectivity, while Thread (28%) and Matter emerge as future standards. Each protocol suits different needs: Wi-Fi for speed, BLE for low power, Zigbee/Thread for mesh networks, LoRa for long range, and cellular for global coverage. Choose based on bandwidth, power, and range requirements.